Physics and Geometry of Heart Sound Quadrilateral
Volume 1 Issue 2 2007
Download| Author(s): | Muhammad Wasim |
|---|---|
| Abstract | Heart has been modeled as a sphere, a bullet as well as a deformed ellipsoid of revolution. Using the concept of standing waves the frequencies obtained in the fourier transform of phonocardiogram are related to the geometrical parameters of heart. Theses parameters may be obtained from “heart-sound triangle”. Some preliminary studies of the geometry of heart-sound triangle have been conducted. If one auscultates the chest maximum intensity of sound is obtained at four locations corresponding to the Aortic (A), Pulmonary (P), Tricuspid (T) and Mitral (M) valves. A photograph of the chest taken after stickers have been placed at these positions shall give a two-dimension projection of the body surface. The sides as well as angles of the heart-sound triangle, PTM or the heart-sound quadrilateral APTM, may be measured from this photograph. Moiré fringe topography is a non-contact, non-invasive, three dimensional, optical–imaging technique, which is being used in industry and medicine to detect minor changes in surface gradient. Using a photogrammetric technique, a three dimensional map of the chest surface may be obtained and if superimposed on a heart-sound quadrilateral APTM, one would obtain a three-dimensional heart-sound quadrilateral. Deformed-ellipsoidal model of the human heart is developed, and validated by calculating frequency ratios from heart-sound triangle and comparing them with experimental ratios obtained from phonocardiogram for healthy individuals. Reproducibility of three-dimensional, heart-sound quadrilateral is also established and its parameters are related to deformed-ellipsoidal model of the human heart. Experimental data used is obtained from healthy individuals. This study is useful to develop artificial heart or heart valves, which could improve quality of life for heart patients. |
| Keywords | Heart-sound quadrilateral, Aortic (A), Pulmonary (P), Tricuspid (T), Mitral (M). |
| Year | 2007 |
| Volume | 1 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Type | Research paper, manuscript, article |
| Journal Name | Journal of Information & Communication Technology | Publisher Name | ILMA University | Jel Classification | - | DOI | - | ISSN no (E, Electronic) | 2075-7239 | ISSN no (P, Print) | 2415-0169 | Country | Pakistan | City | Karachi | Institution Type | University | Journal Type | Open Access | Manuscript Processing | Blind Peer Reviewed | Format | Paper Link | https://jict.ilmauniversity.edu.pk/journal/jict/1.2/9.pdf | Page | 1-9 |